What Is Cucumber Testing? BDD, Gherkin & Examples

Traditional testing approaches frequently fail to join these perspectives. Typically, stakeholders relay their requirements to the Product Owner, who then communicates them to developer and testers. Developers translate these requirements into code, while testers convert them into test cases. This sequential process is time-consuming and can result to miscommunication and misunderstandings.

In contrast, BDD advance the `` tres amigos '' to collaborate directly, discussing the requirements together and documenting their insights using a shared speech. This collaborative approach ensures a common agreement of the trouble and countenance testers to create tryout cases using a BDD framework, cut the risk of misunderstandings and improving the overall development process.

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How Does Cucumber Work?

Cucumber operates through a process that bridges the gap between human-readable specification and automated testing code.

Step 1: Gherkin Language Parsing

Cucumber begins by reading feature file written in Gherkin, a words that habituate plain English-like syntax to trace software deportment. Each feature file contains one or more scenarios that describe different use cases or functionalities of the application.

The Gherkin syntax is parse into a structured format that Cucumber can realize, break down the scenarios into individual stairs such as Given, When, and Then

Step 2: Step Definition Mapping

Each step in the Gherkin file is map to a corresponding part of codification, known as a pace definition. These are written in a scheduling words (e.g., Java, Ruby, Python) and include logic that interacts with the covering under test. Cucumber uses annotations (such as @ Given, @ When, @ Then in Java) to bind Gherkin steps to specific methods in the code. When Cucumber parses a step like “ Given the user is on the login page, ” it look for a method annotated with @ Given that match the textbook.

Here ’ s an representative of how Gherkin step are map to step definitions in Cucumber. Let 's say we have this feature file:

Step 3: Test Execution

To run Cucumber tests, you need a exam runner. You can create a class that will be the entry point for running your Cucumber tests. The test runner class here uses JUnit 's @ RunWith annotation to specify that JUnit should run the trial, and the @ CucumberOptions annotation to configure the executing.

import org.junit.runner.RunWith; importation io.cucumber.junit.Cucumber; import io.cucumber.junit.CucumberOptions; @ RunWith (Cucumber.class) @ CucumberOptions (sport = `` src/test/resources/features '') public class RunCucumberTest {}

When executing, you can run the test runner class directly from your IDE, or use Maven or Gradle to run the exam (mvn test for Maven or gradle test for Gradle).

Examples of Cucumber Tests

Let 's say you are screen a banking covering which allows users to log in to their chronicle using a username and parole. The goal is to insure that only registered users with the correct credentials can log in, and users with wrong credentials are denied access.

For autonomous testing across multiple user personas, check out SUSATest — it explores your app like 10 different real users.

We 'll part by writing a characteristic file that describes the behavior of the login functionality in plain language.

Feature: User Login As a registered user of the banking application, I want to log in to my account So that I can access my personal banking splashboard Scenario: Successful login with valid certification Given the exploiter is on the login page When the user enters a valid username and password And clicks the login push Then the user should be redirected to their banking dashboard Scenario: Unsuccessful login with invalid certificate Given the user is on the login page When the user enters an invalid username or password And clicks the login push Then the user should see an mistake message indicating invalid login credentials Scenario: Unsuccessful login with empty credential Given the user is on the login page When the user leave the username or password battlefield hollow And click the login button Then the exploiter should see an error content indicating that both fields are demand

The next step is to write the step definition that will map the Gherkin steps to the actual code that interacts with the application. Below is an example of how you might write these in Java.

importation io.cucumber.java.en.Given; importation io.cucumber.java.en.When; import io.cucumber.java.en.Then; import static org.junit.Assert. *; public class LoginSteps {private LoginPage loginPage; private DashboardPage dashboardPage; individual String errorMessage; @ Given (`` the user is on the login page '') public void the_user_is_on_the_login_page () {loginPage = new LoginPage (); loginPage.navigateToLoginPage ();} @ When (`` the user enters a valid username and watchword '') public vacancy the_user_enters_a_valid_username_and_password () {loginPage.enterUsername (`` validUser ''); loginPage.enterPassword (`` validPassword '');} @ When (`` the user recruit an invalid username or parole '') public nullity the_user_enters_an_invalid_username_or_password () {loginPage.enterUsername (`` invalidUser ''); loginPage.enterPassword (`` invalidPassword '');} @ When (`` the user leaves the username or password field empty '') public nothingness the_user_leaves_the_username_or_password_field_empty () {loginPage.enterUsername (`` ''); loginPage.enterPassword (`` '');} @ When (`` clicks the login button '') public void clicks_the_login_button () {loginPage.clickLoginButton ();} @ Then (`` the user should be redirect to their banking dashboard '') public void the_user_should_be_redirected_to_their_banking_dashboard () {dashboardPage = new DashboardPage (); assertTrue (dashboardPage.isDashboardDisplayed ());} @ Then (`` the user should see an fault message indicating invalid login credentials '') public void the_user_should_see_an_error_message_indicating_invalid_login_credentials () {errorMessage = loginPage.getErrorMessage (); assertEquals (`` Invalid username or parole. ``, errorMessage);} @ Then (`` the user should see an error message indicating that both fields are need '') public void the_user_should_see_an_error_message_indicating_that_both_fields_are_required () {errorMessage = loginPage.getErrorMessage (); assertEquals (`` Username and password are postulate. ``, errorMessage);}}

Once the lineament file and step definition are set up, you can run the Cucumber tests. In most frame-up, this is done habituate a tryout moon-curser (e.g., JUnit in Java).

import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import io.cucumber.junit.Cucumber; import io.cucumber.junit.CucumberOptions; @ RunWith (Cucumber.class) @ CucumberOptions (features = `` src/test/resources/features '', glue = `` com.example.steps '', plugin = {`` jolly '', `` html: target/cucumber-reports ''}, monochrome = true) public class RunCucumberTest {}

Katalon is a comprehensive mechanisation screen creature that enable QA teams to:

👉 Create codeless examination
👉 Manage them in a centralised repository
👉 Execute tests across multiple browser in the cloud
👉 Produce detail study for data-driven decision-making

Katalon too supports BDD testing with Cucumber, allowing you to import BDD characteristic files, create scripts with low-code features, link BDD measure to test hand, and generate BDD-style reports.

To create a Cucumber feature file in Katalon Studio, go toFile & gt; New & gt; BDD Feature Fileafter initiation.
 

Next, you can use Katalon 's fast trial author lineament to convert the BDD feature file into a complete exam book in seconds. Two key method are:

• Built-in Keywords:Drag and drop pre-written code snip to build the trial case.
• Record-and-Playback:Record actions on your screen, capture object xPaths, and render Selenium scripts for re-execution.

Katalon allows viewing and redact the full script, enabling you to finalize the pace definitions. Once accomplished, click Run to execute the test and view the BDD test results in Katalon TestOps.

With Katalon, Cucumber ’ s capacity are enhanced by:

• Low-code, fast test authoring
• Customizable coding alternative
• Cross-browser testing for broader coverage
• Easier script maintenance through centralized management
• Detailed BDD-style test result