How to run JUnit 4 Test Cases in JUnit 5

JUnit is a robust framework used to automate unit tests in Selenium, ease the testing of even the smallest item-by-item chunk of codes.

JUnit is popular among both developers and QA as it helps observe glitch in code early on and offer features like Assertions that verify if test conditions encounter ask outcomes.

JUnit 4 and JUnit 5 are different versions of the JUnit framework that is widely used by QA and evolution teams.

This article discusses how you can JUnit 4 test suit in the more modern version of JUnit, JUnit 5. Dive in.

What Is JUnit 5? How execute it work?

JUnit 5 is the latest version of JUnit that comes with a modular construction and better flexibleness. It consists of 3 special components.

Before discussing the components, it is important to mark that JUnit 5 needs Java 8 or higher as the runtime surroundings.

Here are the three portion of JUnit 5:

• JUnit Platform: This is the main engine that launches and executes tests. It enables consolidation with IDEs.
• JUnit Jupiter: Offers the new scheduling poser and extension to write test by replacing JUnit 4 ’ s @ Test-based model.
• JUnit Vintage: Enables compatibility by let JUnit 3 and JUnit 4 tests to be run on JUnit 5.

Working

JUnit 5 defines tests with annotation like @ Test, @ BeforeEach, @ AfterEach, etc., in JUnit Jupiter, which in play defines test apparatus, execution, and teardown. The JUnit platform then manage test executing, consolidation with tools (IDEs, Gradle etc.), and report of consequence.

JUnit 5 comes with a modular design that enables the use of advanced features like parameterized tests, nested tryout classes, and customized trial extensions etc. that enhances the flexibility and efficiency of testing model.

JUnit 5 vs JUnit 4

Here are the nucleus differences between JUnit 5 and JUnit 4:

In JUnit 4,

public static void assertEquals (String message, long expected, long actual)

In JUnit 5,

public static void assertEquals (long expected, long actual, String message)

@Rule and @ ClassRuleannotations in JUnit 4 are removed. Instead,@ ExtendWithand @ RegisterExtensionshould be used.

JUnit 4 Operation of @ Test annotation @ Test (expected = Exception.class) public void testThrowsException () throws Exception {} JUnit 5 Operation of @ Test annotation @ Test void testThrowsException () throws Exception {Assertions.assertThrows (Exception.class, () - & gt; {});}

Annotations In JUnit 4 And JUnit 5

Annotations are vital in JUnit, which are listed as postdate:

• @Test– Annotation used to define and announce a test.
• @ RepeatedTest– Annotation used to specify that the function is a template for the tests that can be repeated a specific bit of times.
• @ TestFactory– Annotation used for defining a system which is a trial plant for rich tests that are generated at runtime.
• @ TestMethodOrder– Annotation employ to define the order of carrying out the trial.
• @ DisplayName– Annotation employ to specify a custom display name for the function or class.
• @Tag– Annotation apply to filter the tests at function or stratum position by delimit the marking.
• @Disabled – Annotation used to disable a exam system or class.
• @ ParameterizedTest& # 8211; Annotation used to designate that the function is a parameterized test. These parameterized tests are analogous to normal tryout styles but you have to stipulate a source to give argument for each conjuration which in turn is used in the test.
• @ BeforeEach– Annotation used to specify that the specific test system has to be fulfill before each@ Test, @ RepeatedTest, @ ParameterizedTest, or @ TestFactory system.
• @ AfterEach– Annotation used to specify that the specific test system has to be fulfil after each@ Test, @ RepeatedTest, @ ParameterizedTest, or @ TestFactory system.
• @ BeforeAll– Annotation used to specify that the specific test scheme has to be fulfil before all@ Test, @ RepeatedTest, @ ParameterizedTest, or @ TestFactory system.
• @AfterAll– Annotation utilize to specify that the specific test system has to be executed after all@ Test, @ RepeatedTest, @ ParameterizedTest, or @ TestFactory system.

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Differences in Annotations in JUnit 4 And JUnit 5

Here are some of the annotations that vary in JUnit 4 and JUnit 5:

Step-by-Step Execution Flow Of Annotations In JUnit 5

Let us see the series wherein those annotations are channel out in JUnit 5.

1. The proficiency employ below the@ BeforeAllannotation is carried out.
2. The proficiency applied below the@ BeforeEachannotation executes earlier than the primary take a look at.
3. The technique applied below the@Test annotation is carried out.
4. The proficiency applied below the@ AfterEachannotation runs after the test is pack out.
5. The proficiency hold below the@AfterAll annotation might be channel out on the spring up.

In Selenium Automation Testing with the JUnit, you would possibly involve to put in force more than one take a look at scenarios (or techniques) below the adequate class (or particular classes).

As visible in the sooner part of the JUnit 5 tutorial, it & # 8217; s lively to understand the performance order of the techniques use below special annotations.

Here is the order of execution in case there are multiple tests to direct a look at techniques withinside the course:

1. The proficiency applied below the@ BeforeAllannotation is carried out as soon as.
2. The proficiency applied below the@ BeforeEachannotation execute earlier than the main take a look at.
3. The proficiency applied below the @Testannotation is carried out.
4. The proficiency applied below the@ AfterEachannotation runs after the return a look at the case is convey out.
5. The proficiency applied below the@ BeforeEachannotation is channel out earliest than the second test example.
6. The technique applied below the@ Test annotationis carried out.
7. The technique utilize below the@ AfterEachnotation is carried out after the executing of the second test causa.
8. The proficiency that has be annotate with@AfterAllis carried out as shortly as on the springiness up.

Thus, for more than one guide a looking at instances, the techniques applied below@ BeforeAll and @AfterAll annotation are carried out nearly effective as soon as, at the start and give up of the take a look at.

Alternatively, take a look at the techniques applied below the@ BeforeEach and @ AfterEachnotation are transmit out earlier and after respectively, for every and each take a look at case.

Migrating Tests from JUnit 4 to JUnit 5

One of the not strange place questions that involve JUnit customer is ` Is it potential to run JUnit 4 assessments in JUnit 5 `? By giving up on this phase of JUnit 5 tutorial, you & # 8217; ll be in a role to run JUnit 4 assessments in JUnit 5. You can transmigrate assessments publish in JUnit 4 to JUnit 5 with minimal effort.

Here are the steps to take out the migration:

1. The JUnit Vintage locomotive in JUnit 5 facilitates saunter, take a look at instances publish in JUnit 4 (or JUnit 3) utilising the JUnit Platform.
2. Annotations like@Before and @After in present JUnit 4 assessments should get replaced with equal annotations in JUnit 5 (i.e.@ BeforeEach and @ AfterEachseverally).
3. Import accurate package deal for Assertions (i.e. org.junit.jupiter.Assertions) and Assumptions
4. Make absolute the JUnit 4 annotations that are unsupported in JUnit 5 and replace those annotations with the one supported in JUnit 5.
5. In case your JUnit 4 design is defined with certain rules, the migration has to be done gradually. There are many convention of JUnit 4 that are compatible with JUnit Jupiter.
6. The junit-jupiter-migrationsupport faculty provides support for the@Ignorereflection in JUnit 4 which is original to Jupiter ’ s@Disabled reflection. Still, this is still in the experimental phase

For instance, let ’ s perceive how to run the exam undertaking that contains unit tests fabricated utilising JUnit 4 and JUnit 5.

Assuming experience exam composed utilising JUnit 4. Adding the JUnit 5 tests to it. Thepom.xmlrecord would look like below:

& lt;? xml version= '' 1.0 '' encoding= '' UTF-8 ''? & gt; & lt; undertaking xmlns= '' http: //maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 '' xmlns: xsi= '' http: //www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance '' xsi: schemaLocation= '' http: //maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http: //maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd '' & gt; & lt; modelVersion & gt; 4.0.0 & lt; /modelVersion & gt; & lt; groupId & gt; RunJUnitTest & lt; /groupId & gt; & lt; artifactId & gt; RunJUnitTest & lt; /artifactId & gt; & lt; version & gt; 1.0-SNAPSHOT & lt; /version & gt; & lt; dependencies & gt; & lt; dependency & gt; & lt; groupId & gt; org.slf4j & lt; /groupId & gt; & lt; artifactId & gt; slf4j-nop & lt; /artifactId & gt; & lt; version & gt; 1.7.28 & lt; /version & gt; & lt; scope & gt; examination & lt; /scope & gt; & lt; /dependency & gt; & lt; dependency & gt; & lt; groupId & gt; org.junit.platform & lt; /groupId & gt; & lt; artifactId & gt; junit-platform-launcher & lt; /artifactId & gt; & lt; version & gt; 1.2.0 & lt; /version & gt; & lt; /dependency & gt; & lt; dependency & gt; & lt; groupId & gt; org.junit.jupiter & lt; /groupId & gt; & lt; artifactId & gt; junit-jupiter-engine & lt; /artifactId & gt; & lt; variation & gt; 5.2.0 & lt; /version & gt; & lt; /dependency & gt; & lt; colony & gt; & lt; groupId & gt; org.junit.vintage & lt; /groupId & gt; & lt; artifactId & gt; junit-vintage-engine & lt; /artifactId & gt; & lt; version & gt; 5.2.0 & lt; /version & gt; & lt; /dependency & gt; & lt; dependency & gt; & lt; groupId & gt; org.junit.jupiter & lt; /groupId & gt; & lt; artifactId & gt; junit-jupiter-api & lt; /artifactId & gt; & lt; version & gt; 5.2.0 & lt; /version & gt; & lt; scope & gt; test & lt; /scope & gt; & lt; /dependency & gt; & lt; dependency & gt; & lt; groupId & gt; junit & lt; /groupId & gt; & lt; artifactId & gt; junit & lt; /artifactId & gt; & lt; version & gt; 4.12 & lt; /version & gt; & lt; scope & gt; test & lt; /scope & gt; & lt; /dependency & gt; & lt; dependency & gt; & lt; groupId & gt; org.slf4j & lt; /groupId & gt; & lt; artifactId & gt; slf4j-nop & lt; /artifactId & gt; & lt; edition & gt; 1.7.28 & lt; /version & gt; & lt; scope & gt; exam & lt; /scope & gt; & lt; /dependency & gt; & lt; dependance & gt; & lt; groupId & gt; org.seleniumhq.selenium & lt; /groupId & gt; & lt; artifactId & gt; selenium-java & lt; /artifactId & gt; & lt; version & gt; 4.0.0-alpha-7 & lt; /version & gt; & lt; /dependency & gt; & lt; dependency & gt; & lt; groupId & gt; org.seleniumhq.selenium & lt; /groupId & gt; & lt; artifactId & gt; selenium-remote-driver & lt; /artifactId & gt; & lt; variant & gt; 4.0.0-alpha-7 & lt; /version & gt; & lt; /dependency & gt; & lt; dependency & gt; & lt; groupId & gt; org.seleniumhq.selenium & lt; /groupId & gt; & lt; artifactId & gt; selenium-chrome-driver & lt; /artifactId & gt; & lt; version & gt; 4.0.0-alpha-7 & lt; /version & gt; & lt; /dependency & gt; & lt; addiction & gt; & lt; groupId & gt; junit & lt; /groupId & gt; & lt; artifactId & gt; junit & lt; /artifactId & gt; & lt; version & gt; 4.12 & lt; /version & gt; & lt; scope & gt; exam & lt; /scope & gt; & lt; /dependency & gt; & lt; colony & gt; & lt; groupId & gt; org.apache.httpcomponents & lt; /groupId & gt; & lt; artifactId & gt; httpclient & lt; /artifactId & gt; & lt; variant & gt; 4.5.13 & lt; /version & gt; & lt; /dependency & gt; & lt; /dependencies & gt; & lt; properties & gt; & lt; maven.compiler.source & gt; 15 & lt; /maven.compiler.source & gt; & lt; maven.compiler.target & gt; 15 & lt; /maven.compiler.target & gt; & lt; /properties & gt; & lt; /project & gt;

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JUnit 4 Test

package com.browserstack; import com.browserstack.local.Local; import org.apache.http.NameValuePair; import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPut; import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder; import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair; import org.json.simple.JSONArray; import org.json.simple.JSONObject; import org.json.simple.parser.JSONParser; import org.junit.After; import org.junit.Before; meaning org.junit.runner.RunWith; significance org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameter; import org.junit.runners.Parameterized.Parameters; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; importee org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities; importee org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver; signification org.openqa.selenium.remote.SessionId; import java.io.FileReader; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException; import java.net.URI; importation java.net.URISyntaxException; meaning java.net.URL; significance java.util. *; @ RunWith (Parallelized.class) public class BrowserStackJUnitTest {public static String username, accessKey; individual static JSONObject config; public WebDriver driver; @ Parameter (value = 0) public int taskID; private Local l; @ Parameters public static Iterable & lt;? extends Object & gt; datum () cast Exception {List & lt; Integer & gt; taskIDs = new ArrayList & lt; Integer & gt; (); if (System.getProperty (`` config '')! = null) {JSONParser parser = new JSONParser (); config = (JSONObject) parser.parse (new FileReader (`` src/test/resources/conf/ '' + System.getProperty (`` config ''))); int envs = ((JSONArray) config.get (`` environments '')) .size (); for (int i = 0; i & lt; envs; i++) {taskIDs.add (i);}} return taskIDs;} public stable void mark (SessionId sessionID, String status, String intellect) throws URISyntaxException, IOException {URI uri = new URI (`` https: // '' + username + ``: '' + accessKey + `` @ api.browserstack.com/automate/sessions/ '' + sessionID + `` .json ''); HttpPut putRequest = new HttpPut (uri); ArrayList & lt; NameValuePair & gt; nameValuePairs = new ArrayList & lt; NameValuePair & gt; (); nameValuePairs.add ((new BasicNameValuePair (`` position '', position))); nameValuePairs.add ((new BasicNameValuePair (`` reason '', reason))); putRequest.setEntity (new UrlEncodedFormEntity (nameValuePairs)); HttpClientBuilder.create () .build () .execute (putRequest);} @ Before public void setUp () cast Exception {JSONArray envs = (JSONArray) config.get (`` surround ''); DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities (); Map & lt; String, String & gt; envCapabilities = (Map & lt; String, String & gt;) envs.get (taskID); Iterator it = envCapabilities.entrySet () .iterator (); while (it.hasNext ()) {Map.Entry dyad = (Map.Entry) it.next (); capabilities.setCapability (pair.getKey () .toString (), pair.getValue () .toString ());} Map & lt; String, String & gt; commonCapabilities = (Map & lt; String, String & gt;) config.get (`` capabilities ''); it = commonCapabilities.entrySet () .iterator (); while (it.hasNext ()) {Map.Entry couple = (Map.Entry) it.next (); if (capabilities.getCapability (pair.getKey () .toString ()) == null) {capabilities.setCapability (pair.getKey () .toString (), pair.getValue () .toString ());}} username = System.getenv (`` BROWSERSTACK_USERNAME ''); if (username == null) {username = (String) config.get (`` user '');} accessKey = System.getenv (`` BROWSERSTACK_ACCESS_KEY ''); if (accessKey == zilch) {accessKey = (String) config.get (`` key '');} if (capabilities.getCapability (`` browserstack.local '')! = null & amp; & amp; capabilities.getCapability (`` browserstack.local '') == `` true '') {l = new Local (); Map & lt; String, String & gt; alternative = new HashMap & lt; String, String & gt; (); options.put (`` key '', accessKey); l.start (options);} driver = new RemoteWebDriver (new URL (`` https: // '' + username + ``: '' + accessKey + `` @ '' + config.get (`` server '') + `` /wd/hub ''), capabilities);} @ After public void tearDown () throws Exception {driver.quit (); if (l! = cypher) l.stop ();}}

JUnit 5 Test

package examination; // * import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; significance org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.remote.SessionId; signification org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions; import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.WebDriverWait; import runners.WebDriverTest; importation utils.MarkSessionStatus; public class SingleTest {@ WebDriverTest void singleTest (WebDriver driver) {SessionId sessionId = ((RemoteWebDriver) driver) .getSessionId (); MarkSessionStatus sessionStatus = new MarkSessionStatus (sessionId); try {driver.get (`` https: //bstackdemo.com/ ''); final WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait (driver, 10); wait.until (ExpectedConditions.titleIs (`` StackDemo '')); String product_name = wait.until (ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated (By.xpath (`` // * [@ id= ' 1 '] /p ''))) .getText (); WebElement cart_btn = wait.until (ExpectedConditions.elementToBeClickable (By.xpath (`` // * [@ id= ' 1 '] /div [4] ''))); cart_btn.click (); wait.until (ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated (By.className (`` float-cart__content ''))); final String product_in_cart = wait.until (ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated (By.xpath (`` // * [@ id='__next '] /div/div/div [2] /div [2] /div [2] /div/div [3] /p [1] ''))) .getText (); if (product_name.equals (product_in_cart)) {sessionStatus.markTestStatus (`` passed '', `` Product has been successfully added to the cart! ``);} else {sessionStatus.markTestStatus (`` neglect '', `` There was some number! ``);}} catch (Exception e) {sessionStatus.markTestStatus (`` failed '', `` There was some number! ``); System.out.println (`` Exception: `` + e.getMessage ());} driver.quit ();} // @ WebDriverTest vacuum bstackTest (WebDriver driver) {driver.get (`` https: //bstackdemo.com/ ''); System.out.println (`` Test 1: `` + Thread.currentThread () .getName ()); driver.quit ();}}

Parallel Tests in JUnit 5

package runners; // * import org.json.simple.JSONObject; import org.json.simple.parser.JSONParser; import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension. *; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.remote.DesiredCapabilities; import org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver; import utils.SetupLocalTesting; import java.io.FileReader; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; import java.util. *; import java.util.stream.Stream; public form BstackRunner implement TestTemplateInvocationContextProvider {public WebDriver driver; public DesiredCapabilities capabilities; public String username, accesskey, server; individual JSONObject mainConfig; individual JSONObject browserConfig; individual JSONObject profileConfig; private JSONObject testConfig; private JSONObject platformConfig; private JSONObject commonCapsConfig; private HashMap & lt; String, String & gt; allCapsMap; private HashMap & lt; String, String & gt; commonCapsMap; public BstackRunner () {this.username = setupCredsAndServer () .get (`` username ''); this.accesskey = setupCredsAndServer () .get (`` accesskey ''); this.server = setupCredsAndServer () .get (`` server '');} public HashMap & lt; String, String & gt; setupCredsAndServer () {try {JSONParser parse = new JSONParser (); mainConfig = (JSONObject) parse.parse (new FileReader (`` src/test/resources/caps.json '')); server = (String) mainConfig.get (`` server ''); username = System.getenv (`` BROWSERSTACK_USERNAME ''); if (username == null) {username = (String) mainConfig.get (`` user '');} accesskey = System.getenv (`` BROWSERSTACK_ACCESS_KEY ''); if (accesskey == null) {accesskey = (String) mainConfig.get (`` key '');}} match (Exception e) {System.out.println (e.getMessage ());} HashMap & lt; String, String & gt; cred = new HashMap (); creds.put (`` username '', username); creds.put (`` accesskey '', accesskey); creds.put (`` server '', server); return cred;} @ Override public boolean supportsTestTemplate (ExtensionContext extensionContext) {return true;} @ Override public Stream & lt; TestTemplateInvocationContext & gt; provideTestTemplateInvocationContexts (ExtensionContext extensionContext) {List & lt; TestTemplateInvocationContext & gt; desiredCapsInvocationContexts = new ArrayList & lt; & gt; (); //picks the test profile based on the maven bidding executed - individual, local, parallel String profile = System.getProperty (`` config ''); try {testConfig = (JSONObject) mainConfig.get (`` tests ''); profileConfig = (JSONObject) testConfig.get (profile); platformConfig = (JSONObject) profileConfig.get (`` platform ''); commonCapsConfig = (JSONObject) profileConfig.get (`` common_caps ''); commonCapsMap = (HashMap & lt; String, String & gt;) commonCapsConfig; Iterator platformIterator = platformConfig.keySet () .iterator (); while (platformIterator.hasNext ()) {capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities (); Iterator commonCapsIterator = commonCapsMap.entrySet () .iterator (); while (commonCapsIterator.hasNext ()) {Map.Entry capsName = (Map.Entry) commonCapsIterator.next (); capabilities.setCapability ((String) capsName.getKey (), capsName.getValue ());} last String platformName = (String) platformIterator.next (); browserConfig = (JSONObject) platformConfig.get (platformName); allCapsMap = (HashMap & lt; String, String & gt;) browserConfig; Iterator finalCapsIterator = allCapsMap.entrySet () .iterator (); while (finalCapsIterator.hasNext ()) {Map.Entry pair = (Map.Entry) finalCapsIterator.next (); capabilities.setCapability ((String) pair.getKey (), pair.getValue ());} //Initialising local try link if (capabilities.getCapability (`` browserstack.local '')! = null & amp; & amp; capabilities.getCapability (`` browserstack.local '') .toString () .equals (`` true '')) {HashMap & lt; String, String & gt; localOptions = new HashMap & lt; & gt; (); localOptions.put (`` key '', accesskey); //Add more local options hither, e.g. forceLocal, localIdentifier, etc. SetupLocalTesting.createInstance (localOptions);} desiredCapsInvocationContexts.add (invocationContext (capabilities));}} catch (Exception e) {System.out.println (e);} render desiredCapsInvocationContexts.stream ();} private TestTemplateInvocationContext invocationContext (DesiredCapabilities caps) {return new TestTemplateInvocationContext () {@ Override public List & lt; Extension & gt; getAdditionalExtensions () {return Collections.singletonList (new ParameterResolver () {@ Override public boolean supportsParameter (ParameterContext parameterContext, ExtensionContext extensionContext) {return parameterContext.getParameter () .getType () .equals (WebDriver.class);} @ Override public Object resolveParameter (ParameterContext parameterContext, ExtensionContext extensionContext) {try {driver = new RemoteWebDriver (new URL (`` https: // '' + username + ``: '' + accesskey + `` @ '' + server + `` /wd/hub ''), caps);} catch (MalformedURLException e) {e.printStackTrace ();} return driver;}});}};}}

Advantages Of Using JUnit 5 For Unit Testing

Some of the core benefit of JUnit 5 are:

1. Offers specific function to adumbrate the assessments in rating to the preceding versions.
2. Allows utilise lambda feature withinside the assessments for assertions in addition to assumption.
3. Offers distinguished annotations with well-described part that may be used to beautify the unit assessments.
4. Allows use of more than one smuggler.
5. It has a specific extensible architecture.
6. Migrates current tests written with forgo JUnit versions.

Conclusion

JUnit testing is the most preferred testing method if the project has been developed in Java. It is powerful and continually evolving for better tryout case performance. It has become a preferable choice for.

Seleniumis a convenient creature when it come to automated web testing and using it along with JUnit is even more good. JUnit supports multiple assertions and annotating. UsingBrowserStack Automate, developers can conveniently run unit screen using.

However, tests, no matter how easily crafted, can not be regarded as conclusive if they are not run on real device. can not replicate properly, specially when it come to aspects like weak networks and screen orientation. To compensate for these inadequacies, run tryout directly on a.

Use. Instead of running trial sequentially, parallel testing allows for simultaneous test execution. By scat JUnit Tests on you can run your Unit tests on multiple existent browser-device combination simultaneously, significantly reducing clip and effort.

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